Burrell: 'I wanted to carry on my rugby career'
Important note: This piece contains details of racially offensive comments and conduct
Ex-England centre Luther Burrell claims that going public to expose racism in professional rugby led his professional journey to an early conclusion.
In a 2022 interview, Burrell characterized racism as being "widespread" in the game, displaying digital communications and remembering training ground "comments" he had been subject to while playing for Newcastle.
Then 34 and without a team, Burrell's only professional rugby since has been a handful of games with invitational side the Barbarians.
"I have definitely had to retire because of what went on," he explained to reporters.
"I really wanted to carry on competing, of course I did. I pursued that, and it collapsed when news emerged that there were investigations underway.
"That was difficult - I had to just come to terms with the outcome and understand that this entire process is a lot more important than me."
A rugby governing body investigation in April 2023 found Burrell's claims were accurate "likely correct", but stated it could not collect enough proof to categorically say they happened at Newcastle.
Luther Burrell started all of England's international games in 2014-15, but was controversially overlooked for their team for the 2015 tournament
Burrell told media he also faced prejudice within the England set-up, during a Test career that saw him earn 15 appearances after his first game in 2014.
"I've had multiple distressing experiences within the national team," he said.
"Some discrimination and other just old-school mentality that's really inappropriate."
Racism had become accepted in dressing rooms, in Burrell's experience.
"This is something that has been disguised as banter and that's been the issue that I've personally suffered and seen," said Burrell, who is of Jamaican descent.
"During a period of time you just begin to believe that it's the standard and that is acceptable and that it's not harmful, but that's nonsense."
Burrell explains he was finally motivated to speak out after a team-mate at Newcastle called him as a "enslaved person" and instructed him to put sun cream on his arms and legs "where chains would be placed."
The governing body said Burrell's disclosures had led to "increased scrutiny at the environment within the professional level and to the implementation of an strategy for the professional game."
"The organization has placed considerable focus on inclusion and diversity in rugby union and a substantial amount of work undertaken both prior and after Luther Burrell came forward and shared his encounters of racism and class discrimination," it continued.
"The organization are ongoing work with teams and partners in the elite level to strive for a environment of inclusivity but recognize this takes time and is an ongoing process."
All Prem and PWR club now has face-to-face training on building welcoming cultures, with its effectiveness tracked via specific documentation and feedback.
All England players, including age-grade squads, are educated in being "engaged observers" to step in and protect others from harmful behaviour.
"You be so proud of what you have accomplished," Burrell's mother Joyce told him as part of the film about his experiences.
"I know it has had this effect on you and finished your playing days, but in our eyes, you have done so well. We are so impressed of you and to have you as a family member."
Burrell's father Geoff died soon after the filming of the documentary, and his sister died recently.
Burrell, who grew up on a council estate in his hometown, continues his work to make the sport more open.
His charitable organization aims to reach children in under-served communities and support them thrive both on the field with complimentary sports training, guidance and dietary education.
"My motivations are genuine, I want to see the progress of the sport and if others is willing to share their experience then I'll persist to advocate for that fight because I'm not just doing this for myself," he explained.
"We have an obligation to make the sport as great as it can be and the longer I speak about it hopefully the more comfortable fellow players will become about sharing their own experiences as well.
"I take the bull by the horns and keep carrying this flag and keep supporting this weight and accomplish what I can to create possibilities and make the game more attractive and more inclusive.
"There's a lot of underprivileged young people and a lot of economic hardship and I honestly think that the sport has the ability to change their futures, just as it transformed things for me."
Burrell scored for the Barbarians on a return to previous team Northampton in November 2022